A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital
heart anomaly and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the
ticker or great vessels that is present at birth. You may have had a small hole
in your ticker or something more severe. Although these can be very serious
conditions, the good part is many can be treated with surgery. Doctors, in some
cases can find these problems during pregnancy. It should be noted that you might
not get symptoms until adulthood, or you may not get any at all.
Causes:
Healthcare providers don’t always know why a baby has a CHD,
they tend to run in families. Problems with genes or chromosomes in the child,
such as Down syndrome; taking certain medications, or alcohol or drug abuse
during pregnancy; a viral infection,
like rubella (German measles) in the mother in the first trimester of pregnancy-
all these things make babies more likely to have CHD.
Types:
Most congenital heart problems are structural issues like
holes and leaky valves, such as heart valve defects, problems with the ticker’s
“walls” (which could be the ones between the chambers- atria and ventricles of
your ticker), and bad connections among blood vessels.
Symptoms:
It is quite possible for you to have a heart-related birth
defect and not have symptoms, if you do, they can include shortness of breath,
problems with exercise. A bluish tint to the skin, fingernails, and lips
(doctors call this cyanosis, a condition caused by a lack of oxygen-rich blood);
fast breathing and poor feeding; lung infections; poor weight gain; an
inability to exercise- are some of the symptoms of congenital heart disease in
children and infants.
Diagnosis:
Healthcare providers may find some problems before a baby is
born, and other problems may be found in infants, kids, or adults. What the
doctor does is he/she listens to your heartbeat to check your health, and if she
hears an unusual sound or heart murmur, she might order more tests, such as
echocardiogram, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, MRI and cardiac
catheterization.
Treatment:
You’ll need to see a heart specialist on a regular basis if
you have congenital heart disease. You might not need any treatment, or you may
need medications, surgery, or other procedures. Furthermore, individuals with
CHDs are more likely to have inflammation of the inner layer of their heart (a
condition doctors call endocarditis), especially if their ticker was repaired
or replaced through surgery. Protect yourself by taking good care of your teeth
and gums to prevent infections, calling your doctor if you have symptoms of an
infection, informing all doctors and dentists you have CHD and taking
antibiotics before you have any medical work that may cause bleeding, like
dental work and most surgeries.
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